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| 1256 |
| | Hulagu and his horde of Mongols cross the Amu Darya river and move against Muslim Persia | |
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| 1257 |
| | The Persian poet Sa'di publishes his Bustan ('Orchard'), a collection of moral tales in verse | |
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| c. 1265 |
| | Hulagu and his Mongol descendants rule Persia as Il-khans, subordinate to the great khan in the east | |
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| c. 1300 |
| | Tabriz under the Mongol Il-khans is the first centre of Persian miniature painting | |
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| c. 1370 |
| | The Persian poet Hafiz perfects a form of short poem, the ghazal, dwelling on the pleasures of life with an undercurrent of Sufi mysticism | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | Herat, under Timurid princes, succeeds Tabriz as the main centre of Persian art | |
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| c. 1500 |
| | The lively realism of Kamal-ud-din Bihzad lays the basis of both the Persian and the Mughal schools of painting | |
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| 1501 |
| | The 14-year-old Ismail I is enthroned as shah of a new Persian dynasty, the Safavids | |
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| 1587 |
| | 16-year-old Abbas I, subsequently one of the greatest of shahs, inherits the throne of Persia | |
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| 1598 |
| | Shah Abbas builds up Isfahan as a spectacular new capital of the Persian empire | |
| | Friday Mosque, Isfahan Fotofile CG
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